rywillia 20211028 vector digital data This dataset consists of shoreline change rates calculated with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5 (DSAS v5) and stored as a new transect layer. Original measurement transects are cast by DSAS from the baseline to intersect shoreline vectors, and the intersect data provide location and time information used to calculate rates of change. These statistics are appended to the rate transect layer. 20211028 publication date Complete None planned -86.882163 -84.728861 45.799048 41.750685 ISO 19115 Topic Category environment biota geoscientificInformation oceans none These data were automatically generated using the DSAS version 5 software applications and should only be used for purposes explicitly stated by the originating organization.

E.A. Himmelstoss A.S. Farris R.E. Henderson M.G. Kratzmann A. Ergul O. Zhang J.L. Zichichi E.R. Thieler 2018 software version 5 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Suggested citation: Himmelstoss, E.A., Farris, A.S., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Ergul, A., Zhang, O., Zichichi, J.L., and Thieler, E.R., 2018, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (ver. 5.0): U.S. Geological Survey software, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VW42I0 . https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas/ https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VW42I0 Please use the following citation: Himmelstoss, E.A., Farris, A.S., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Ergul, A., Zhang, O., Zichichi, J.L., Thieler, E.R., 2018, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (v5.0): U.S. Geological Survey software E.A. Himmelstoss R.E. Henderson M.G. Kratzmann A. Farris 2018 Open File Report 2018-1179 Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Suggested citation: Himmelstoss, E.A., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M, Farris, A., 2018, DSAS version 5.0 user guide. U.S. Geological Survey report 2018-1179, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181179 https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181179 https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/ Please use the following citation: Himmelstoss, E.A., Farris, A.S., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Ergul, A., Zhang, O., Zichichi, J.L., Thieler, E.R., 2018, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (v5.0): U.S. Geological Survey software These data were generated using DSAS, an automated software program which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. Any testing on these data should be carried out by end-users to ensure fidelity of relationships. This dataset contains transects with shoreline change rate information generated by the DSAS v5 software application. Transect features generated using DSAS v5.0.20200527.0200 on selected baseline features only. Parameters Used: baseline layer=DSAS_Baseline2, baseline group field=DSAS_group, transect spacing=100 meters, search distance=800 meters, land direction=right, shoreline intersection=seaward, File produced = LP_LKMI_100m .For additional details on these parameters, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/ 20211021 12:19:00 Shoreline intersects and rate calculations performed. Parameters Used: shoreline layer=DSAS Shoreline, shoreline date field=DSAS_date, shoreline uncertainty field name=uncertainty, the default accuracy=6 meters, shoreline intersection=seaward, stats calculations=[SCE, NSM, EPR, LRR, WLR], shoreline threshold=none, confidence interval=90%. Files produced = LP_LKMI_100m_rates_20211028_115951 , LP_LKMI_100m_intersect_20211028_115951 . 20211028 12:08:55 Vector Simple FALSE 0 TRUE FALSE coordinate pair 1.000000 1.000000 meter D North American 1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 LP_LKMI_100m_rates_20211028_115951 Transect rates are generated by DSAS using the distance measurements between shorelines and baseline at each DSAS transects. The calculated rates of shoreline change are returned as a transect rate shapefile. U.S. Geological Survey Feature Class 0 OBJECTID The object identification field is automatically created and maintained by ArcGIS. It establishes a unique ID for each row in the attribute table. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. object identifier OID 4 0 0 SHAPE The geometry field (shape) is automatically created and maintained by ArcGIS. It provides a definition of the feature type (point, line, polygon). Esri Coordinates defining the features. geometry Geometry 0 0 0 TransectID The TransectID relates directly to the original transect file "€œObject Identifier"€, "ObjectID" or "OID" U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited TransectID Integer 4 0 0 BaselineID Values in this field correlate to the baseline attribute field "€œID"€ and are assigned by DSAS to identify the baseline segment used to generate the measurement transect. Baseline segments assigned an ID = 0 are ignored by DSAS and no transects will be cast along those line segments. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited BaselineID Integer 4 0 0 GroupID Values in this field correlate to the optional baseline attribute field "€œDSAS_group" (Group_) and are assigned by DSAS if selected by user. If a user specifies an attribute field in the baseline layer as the group field (it is not name specific), then DSAS will use the provided input to assign a group value to output transects; if user does not select a baseline-group field as input, then DSAS will assign all transects a group value of zero. This field is used to aggregate sections of the coast into groups. All transects within a group will have average summary statistics in the DSAS summary report. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited GroupID Integer 4 0 0 TransOrder Assigned by DSAS on the basis of transect order along the baseline or baselines. If the user manually adds transects to the file in an edit session, they will be added to the end of the transect attribute table and given a new value for "TransID" (ObjectID). However "TransOrder" will be updated to reflect the position of the new transect with respect to the other transect along the baseline. As such this field provides the user with a method to sort transect attribute data sequentially alongshore, from the start of the baseline segment with an ID=1 to the end of the final baseline segment. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited TransOrder Integer 4 0 0 Azimuth Assigned by DSAS to record the azimuth of the transect measure in degrees clockwise from North. U.S. Geological Survey 0 360 Azimuth Double 8 0 0 ShrCount The total number of shorelines intersected by the transect and used for change analysis. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited ShrCount Integer 4 0 0 TCD The "€œTCD" (total cumulative distance) is the measure (in meters) along shore from the start of the baseline segment with an ID =1, and measured sequentially alongshore to the end of the final baseline segment. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited TCD Double 8 0 0 SHAPE_Length Length of transect in meter units, assuming data was properly projected in a meter-based coordinate system. This field is automatically generated and maintained when data is within a geodatabase. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. SHAPE_Length Double 8 0 0 SCE Shoreline change envelope. The "SCE" value represents the greatest distance among all the shorelines that intersect a given transect. The value for SCE is always positive. If the proxy-datum bias (PDB) is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported: "€œSCE" will include the PDB in the calculations; "€œNB_SCE"€ will omit the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited SCE Double 8 0 0 NSM Net shoreline movement (NSM)the distance between the oldest and youngest shorelines at each transect. If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported: "€œNSM"€ will include the PDB in the calculations; "€œNB_NSM"€ will omit the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited NSM Double 8 0 0 EPR The end point rate (EPR) is calculated by determining the distance between the oldest and youngest shoreline on a DSAS transect and dividing by the time elapsed between the two shoreline dates. If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported: "€œEPR"€ will include the PDB in the calculations; "€œNB_EPR"€ will omit the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited EPR Double 8 0 0 EPRunc An estimate of end point rate uncertainty. The shoreline uncertainties for the two positions used in the end point calculation are each squared, then added together (summation of squares). The square root of the summation of squares is divided by the number of years between the two shorelines. If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported: "€œEPRunc"€ will include the PDB in the calculations; "€œNB_EPRunc will omit the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited EPRunc Double 8 0 0 LRR A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported: "€œLRR"€ will include the PDB in the calculations; "€œNB_LRR"€ will not include the PDB. If the PDB is not applied the "€œLRR"€ statistic will not include the bias. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited LRR Double 8 0 0 LR2 The R-squared statistic, or coefficient of determination, is the percentage of variance in the data that is explained by a regression. It is a dimensionless index that ranges from 1.0 to 0.0 and measures how successfully the best-fit line accounts for variation in the data. The smaller the variability of the residual values around the regression line relative to the overall variability, the better the prediction (and closer the R-squared value is to 1.0). If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported. "€œLR2"€ will include the PDB; "€œNB_LR2"€ will not include the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 1 LR2 Double 8 0 0 LSE The predicted (or estimated) values of y (the distance from baseline in meters) are computed for each shoreline point by using the values of x (the shoreline date) and solving the equation for the best-fit regression line (y=mx+b). The standard error is also called the standard deviation. This metric evaluates the accuracy of the best-fit regression line in predicting the position of a shoreline for a specific date. If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported. "€œLSE"€ will include the PDB; "€œNB_LSE"€ will omit the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited LSE Double 8 0 0 LCI90 The standard error of the slope with confidence interval describes the uncertainty of the reported rate for the user-selected confidence value captured as part of the attribute name. If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported. "€œLCI90"€ will include the PDB; "€œNB_LCI90"€ will omit the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited LCI90 Double 8 0 0 WLR In a weighted linear regression (WLR), more reliable data are given greater emphasis or weight towards determining a best-fit line. In the computation of rate-of-change statistics for shorelines, greater emphasis is placed on data points for which the position uncertainty is smaller. If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported: "€œWLR"€ will include the PDB in the calculations: "€œNB_WLR"€ will not include the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited WLR Double 8 0 0 WR2 The R-squared statistic, or coefficient of determination, is the percentage of variance in the WLR that is explained by a regression.It is a dimensionless index that ranges from 1.0 to 0.0 and measures how successfully the best-fit line accounts for variation in the data. The smaller the variability of the residual values around the regression line relative to the overall variability, the better the prediction (and closer the R-squared value is to 1.0). If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported. "WR2" will include the PDB; "NB_WR2" will omit the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 1 WR2 Double 8 0 0 WSE The standard error of the estimate for the weighted linear regression rate. The standard error evaluates the accuracy of the best-fit regression line (WLR) in predicting the position of a shoreline for a specific date. If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported. "€œWSE"€ will include the PDB; "€œNB_WSE"€ will not include the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited WSE Double 8 0 0 WCI90 The standard error of the slope with confidence interval describes the uncertainty of the reported rate for the user-selected confidence value captured as part of the attribute name. If the PDB is applied, two versions of this statistic will be reported. "€œWCI90"€ will include the PDB; "€œNB_WCI90"€ will omit the PDB. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited WCI90 Double 8 0 0 MTU Ryan Williams mailing and physical

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Houghton MI 49931 217-722-2794 rywillia@mtu.edu Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20211028 20211028 MTU Ryan Williams mailing and physical

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Houghton MI 49931 217-722-2794 rywillia@mtu.edu FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.8.1.14362 LP_LKMI_100m_rates_20211028_115951 czmp analysis Transects spaced 100 m along lower peninsula of Lake Michigan. 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