20210224 14193900 1.0 FALSE berrien_shore 002 1366537.644561 2821931.577927 414949.583036 1911756.438497 1 Relationship Anno_17_24 Relationship Anno_17_22 Relationship Projected GCS_North_American_1983 Linear Unit: Foot_US (0.304801) NAD_1983_Michigan_GeoRef_Feet_US <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/10.6'><WKT>PROJCS["NAD_1983_Michigan_GeoRef_Feet_US",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["D_North_American_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Hotine_Oblique_Mercator_Azimuth_Natural_Origin"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",8355401.583],PARAMETER["False_Northing",-14284780.538],PARAMETER["Scale_Factor",0.9996],PARAMETER["Azimuth",337.25556],PARAMETER["Longitude_Of_Center",-86.0],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Center",45.30916666666666],UNIT["Foot_US",0.3048006096012192],AUTHORITY["Esri",102121]]</WKT><XOrigin>-94520800</XOrigin><YOrigin>-99603700</YOrigin><XYScale>3048.00609601219</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.00328083333333333</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>102121</WKID><LatestWKID>102121</LatestWKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> 20191007 12004200 20191007 12004200 ISO 19139 Metadata Implementation Specification 625000 5000 FGDC Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.6.1.9270 Historic Great Lakes Shorelines 1 -87.072013 -81.371711 45.796161 41.604732 These features represent the historic location of Great Lakes coastal features, such as shorelines and bluff lines, for several years from 1938 to 2016. These will enable estimates of historic shoreline and bluff-edge rates of change, to be used in eudcation and planning materials for local and regional planning agencies in Michigan coastal communities. <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV>Shorelines and Bluff lines for 1938, 1980, 2009 and 2016 were digitized along the Great Lakes coastlines of the State of Michigan. The Lake Michigan coastline of Michigan's lower peninsula was completed in 2017 (Berrien County only) and 2018 (northern extent of Berrien County to the northern extent of Mason County). Aerial photography from 1938, 1980, 2009 and 2016 were acquired in digital format, georeferenced to its correct location on earth, and used as the base layer to digitize shoreline and bluff features. Aerial imagery for years 2016 and 2009 were acquired from the USDA National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP). Imagery for 1980 and 1938 were acquired from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) Office of the Great Lakes (OGL), or the Michigan State University (MSU) Historical Aerial Imagery Archive. NAIP imagery for 2016 and 2009 is already georeferenced by the USDA, but OGL and MSU imagery imagery for years 1980 and 1938 were manually georeferenced using ArcGIS Desktop 10.6 software and 2016 NAIP imagery as the base layer that historic images are aligned to. Accuracy statements for 2016 NAIP imagery were evaluated and 2016 NAIP imagery was compared to published NOAA Raster Navigational Charts for areas along the lakeshore in Berrien County, MI. Shoreline features such as breakwalls and piers, digitized using 2016 NAIP imagery, aligned very closely with the same features on the Raster Navigational Charts. This supported the decision to use 2016 USDA NAIP imagery as the base layer to georeference previous years of imagery to. Image mosaics were created for geographic groups along the shoreline and analysts focused their efforts on one of these groups at a time. Shorelines, defined as the 'landward extent of wetted sand or beach material', were digitized by analysts using the georeferenced imagery. Shorelines for 2016, 2009, and 1980 were digitized at 1:1,000 scale or better, while 1938 shorelines were typically digitized at 1:3,000 scale. Shoreline and bluff-line features for each year should align with their respective georeferenced imagery when viewed at the digitizing scale. Blufflines, defined as the 'lakeward-most edge of relatively level ground that breaks or drops off abruptly, usually characterized by loss of vegetation', were digitized using the same techniques as those used for shorelines. 1-Meter Digital Elevation Model data was procured for coastal areas of Michigan where it is available to help identify modern-day bluff locations (most new DEM data is from 2015 - 2017). Topographic contours were generated and used as an analysis overlay during bluff digitization work. When linework for a country is completed it is reviewed by another team analyst. Analysts worked together to resolve inconsistencies in interpretation or identification of other issues such as error in georeferencing. </DIV></DIV></DIV> Michigan Technological University Geospatial Research Facility, at the Great Lakes Research Center. Financial assistance for this project was provided, in part, by the Michigan Coastal Zone Management Program, Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, and is supported through a grant under the National Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, administered by the Office for Coastal Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. CZMP EGLE MiDNR Shoreline Bluff Ryan Williams Michigan Technological University, Geospatial Research Facility Assistant Director, Geospatial Research Scientist, Geospatial Research Facility Ryan Williams 1400 Townsend Ave., GLRC 316 Houghton MI 49931 rywillia@mtu.edu US 9064871485 Feature Class dataset Esri 8.0.1 6504 Simple FALSE 6504 TRUE FALSE berrien_shore Feature Class 6504 objectid objectid OID 4 10 0 Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. id id Integer 4 10 0 lntype Line Type String 50 0 0 Defines the physical feature this line represents. Primarily shoreline (lakeward edge of wetted sand or beach material) or bluff line (Lakeward edge of top of bluff). Other types present intermittently but not created for the entire scope of this feature class are 'vegetation': the lakeward extent of vegetation growing on the shoreline, 'toe': the most lakeward toe of the slope, 'tree': the lakeward edge of trees along the coastline, Vegetation, Toe, and Trees were only digitized for portions of southern Lake Michigan GRF staff confidence confidence String 50 0 0 General description of confidence in the accuracy of this feature, including it's spatial location and accuracy of it's line type. Features attributed with 'public' will be displayed on public web-mapping applications. Other values may be placed here to indicate features needing further review. GRF staff year year of the imagery that this feature was digitized from Integer 4 10 0 year of the imagery that this feature was digitized from. GRF staff shape shape Geometry 4 0 0 Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. uncertainty uncertainty (meters) SmallInteger 2 5 0 Uncertainty of location in meters. This value was obtained through peer-review of georeferenced imagery and digitized features. Feature locations should be considered accurate +/- this uncertainty value. Early image years (1938) have higher uncertainty values than later imagery years, primarily due to image quality and resolution. Individual features for any given year may have uncertainty values that differ from the average for that year, due to waves, vegetation obscuring shoreline or bluff lines, or poor image clarity in that specific location. GRF staff date_ date of imagery String 50 0 0 The date the source imagery for this feature was captured. GRF staff length_ft length_ft Double 8 38 8 Length of this line segment st_length(shape) st_length(shape) Double 0 0 0 20191007 Ryan Williams Michigan Technological University, Geospatial Research Facility Assistant Director, Geospatial Research Scientist, Geospatial Research Facility